Estimation of the Stature from Length of the Mandible in the South Indian Population

 

T. M. Sreevidhya, Mr. Yuvraj Babu

Saveetha Dental Colege and Hospitals, Saveetha University. 162, Poonamalle High Road, Ph Road Velappanchavadi, Chennai-600077.

 

ABSTRACT:

The present study is based on the measurements of mandible length and  height of body total 50 subjects between 18 to 40  years of age. The mandible length was measured by vernier caliper. The height was measured in standing erect, anatomical position with standard height measuring instrument. To avoid  variation, all measurements were taken at a fixed time. Obtained data was analysed and attempt was made to find out correlation and to derive a regression formula between mandible length and height of an individual. A good correlation of height was observed with mandible length and it was statistically highly significant. The results of the present study would be useful for Anthropologists and Forensic Medicine Experts.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

GROWTH:

Growth is defined as the increase in the size, shape, height of a human being. It is a vital process which can be measured by measuring the height, which will be equal to the sum of the length of the certain bones of the body (1). Dwight in 1894  suggested two methods for determination of the stature from the skeletal remains. The two methods are anatomical method and mathematical method. (Mathematical method:  based on the relationship of individual long bone to the height of an individual.It is workable even if a single long bone is available for examination.(12) This method may be used either by computing Multiplication Factor (M.F.) or by formulating regression formulae. Stature or body height is one of the most important and useful anthropometric parameter that determines the physical identity of an individual (11). Estimation of the stature is very essential in forensic anthropometrological studies.

 

Height estimation  by various bones have been done by several workers with variable degree of success. Each  worker  derived their  own formula for calculating the stature from  various long bones of limbs or skull,cross section of spine, metacaparls (14). From the various study it is found that mandible is used for the purpose of the determination of the age and sex only.  Henceforth effort has been taken to correlate the individual height and length of the mandible.

                                                                                         

MATERIALS:

For this study 50 subjects were selected within the age group of 18 to 45 years. Veneircaliper was used to measure the length of mandible based on surface anatomy. Height determining instrument was used for measuring the height of the individual in centimeters by standing in erect anatomical position.

 

The study excludes the subjects who had fracture in their mandible or swellings in parotid gland or who had undergone any surgery in the lower jaw.

 

METHODOLOGY:

The length of mandible and the height of the subjects were measured in same duration to avoid variation in length differences. Vernier caliper was used to measure the length of mandible  as a distance from the angle of the mandible to the symphysis menti on the both sides of mandible, based on the surface anatomy. The height of the same subject was measured using the height determining instrument by making the subjects to stand in the erect anatomical position.(13).

 

The measurement were taken by the same person to avoid the errors on methodology. The data were tabulated from the measurement a regression equation was derived by correlating the mandible length with the height .(9)

 

OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS:

Table I: Observations and Results:

Total No.of Subjects :50

Age group of subjects	18 TO 45yrs
Range of height	150 TO 181 cms
Mean of height	160.75cms
Length of mandible in right side	9.1to 10.7 cms
Mean value	10.25cms
Length of mandible in left side	9 to  10.8cms

Mean value:

Regression Equation

Y= 2.23X + 153.3+_4.6 cms    Where Y = Total height

X= Mandible length

 

The correlation coefficient between height of  individual and mandible length which is significant. It means there is a strong bond between height mandible length and if either of the measurement (mandible length or total height) is known, the other can be calculated and this would be useful for Anthropologists and Forensic Medicine experts.

 

DISCUSSION:

The estimation of height from various long bones, head length and hand length has been attempted by many workers. However, mandible dimensions have not frequently been used for this purpose.

 

Table I, shows the mean height and mean length of the subjects in the  age group of 18 to 45years. Jit and Singh (1956), have shown a significant correlation between        height and length of clavicle (4) .Charnalia (1961), showed the significant correlation between height and foot length (3). Athawale (1963) derived a regression equation between total height and forearm bones (2).Patel, Joshi and Dongre (1964), have derived regression equation between tibia and total height in Gujarati population (5). Shroff and Vare (1979), have also derived the height from length of superior extremity and its segments (7). .Saxena et al (1981), derived a regression equation between head length and height and find significant correlation coefficient, + 0.2048 (6). Regarding the estimation of the height from the mandible length there is no data available .so this study is carried out and the regression coefficient is derived. (15)

 

CONCLUSION:

From the present study conclude that the using the length of the mandible. It is possible to determine the height of an individual.This could be of paramount importance to anthropologists and forensic medicine.

 

REFERENCES:

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2.     Athawale MC.Anthropologicalstudy of height from length of forearm    bones. A study of one hundred Maharashtrian male adults of ages between twenty five and thirty years. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 1963;21:105 112. 

3.     Charnalia VM. Anthropological study of the foot and its relationship to stature in different castes and tribes of Pondicherry state. Journal of Anatomical  Societyof India. 1961; 10: 26-30.

4.     JitInder and Shamer Singh. Estimation of stature from clavicle. Indian Journal of Medical Research.1956; 44: 137-155.

5.     Patel MP, Joshi NB and Dongre AV. Regression equation of height on tibial length. Indian Journal of Medical Research. 1964; 52: 531534.

6.     Saxena SK, Jeyasingh P, Gupta AK and Gupta CD. The estimation of stature from head length. Journal of Anatomical Society of India. 1981; 30: 78 – 79.

7.     Shroff AG and Vare AM. Determination superior extremity and its segments.Journal of Anatomical Society of India.1979; 28: 53.

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11.   Monisha. R, Yuvraj babu K,Age changes in mandible,Saveetha dental college  RJPT 2015vol8(8) 1155-1147.

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13.   Kachwaha, Allock.A ,Estimation stature from cephalo-facial dimensions by regression  analysis in Indo –maurtitian population,Journal of Forensic legical medical, 2011, 18(4),167-72.                                                                                         

14.   RyanI, Bidmos MA . Skeletal height reconstruction from measurement from measurement of the skull and indigenous south Africans. Forensic Sci Int.20007:167:162(pubmed)

15.   Patil KR, Mody RN.Determination of sex by discrimant function analysis  and stature by regression analysis: A lateral cephalometery study.Forensic Sci.Int.2005:147:175-80(pubmed).

 

 

 

 

 

Accepted on 06.12.2017          © RJPT All right reserved

Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2018; 11(4): 1647-1648.